Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Craftsmanship History - Essay Example The Plan of St. Nerve shows a whole religious community compound, which incorporates things like places of worship, houses, a bottling works, kitchens, pens, and a clinic. While this arrangement was rarely really constructed, much can be gained from it since it was most likely an ordinary arrangement during this timeframe. The arrangement was really made by joining five unique materials that were sewn together. This incorporates space for this like a plantation and a street. The structures are set apart with red, while everything else is set apart in earthy colored. There are more than forty structures that are available in this arrangement and despite the fact that the structures were rarely constructed, they are a fantastic manual for how individuals lived during this timespan. The arrangement itself is very fascinating, as things like the scriptorium and library are situated on the inward concourse of the arrangement, while dwelling and a lodging are situated on the external half. Additionally, the Abbott’s house in situated close to the scriptorium, which could emblematically imply that he is nearer to God than different priests. A considerable lot of the structures that are available would be for financial reasons, as the priests had creatures and spots to develop foods grown from the ground situated at these spots. The arrangement was intended to portray a spot that was totally independent, implying that the priests would not need to leave this religious community in any way, shape or form. This implies each part of life must be investigated so as to concoct an arrangement that would achieve this objective, which is the thing that makes this arrangement so significant verifiably. The biggest structures that were available at this cloister were the structures of love and study, with these structure additionally being situated in the arrangement. The schools, houses, and corrals were likewise very huge, however they were situated outwardly of the arrangement. The passageway likewise drove right up to the biggest structures. These enormous structures were generally implied for visitors,

Retail Industry AR and VR Technologies †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Retail Industry AR and VR Technologies. Answer: Review of Startup and Retail Industry: The startup association will be an online retail stage taking into account dress and cosmetics items to the clients. It will focus on the experts who dont get time to go to the store on ongoing premise but then need to attempt the apparel and cosmetics looks before putting in a request. This can be expanded by utilizing the present advancements, for example, Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR). Australia is venturing into a steady retail industry with the inundation of different global retail marks making a passage due to the countrys geological nearness close to Asia, expanding request of the purchasers, and suitable financial conditions (Nikki Baird, 2017). Retail media arent dynamic as of now but then have iterative effect on the advancement. In a general sense it is changing the view how customers attract with retailer. Before it influences the innovation, retailers must know the effect of utilizing retail media organize on their business (Roy Morgan Research, 2016). Existing innovation examination and patterns: The Australian retail industry is under-performing and is utilizing advanced mobile phones or the business advances as it were. The AR and VR innovations have not been being used as client driven and are generally being utilized for advertising purposes just (Roy Morgan Research, 2016). AR and VR: VR associates with shopper by making reproduced world utilizing advancements like handset or electronic hardware.For model, a defensive top with a screen inside or gloves fitted with sensors. In examination, AR covers virtual segments onto this current reality as saw through a phone or tablet (Nikki Baird, 2017). Dissimilar to VR, AR doesn't discourage the point of view of ones condition, rather, builds this current reality with pictures, content, video, representations, etc. This element progresses AR to wide-scale, particularly in retail. Furthermore, while VR has completely dumbfounded news sources; AR has found a solid parity in the retail business. Associations can give a degree of relationship between their things and clients by lowering them in an absolutely new condition with use of AR(Dan McKone, Robert Haslehurst, and Maria Steingoltz, 2016). Issue Statement and Benefits of AR and VR: The beginning up necessities to give a stroll in retail understanding to target clients with their online stage from the solace of clients home. VRand ARhave for the most part been utilized as promoting devices offering people opportunity to change how they shop. One customer may endeavor on shirt without venturing out to the store. The applications using development center around the customer comfort giving redid customer counter (Dan McKone, Robert Haslehurst, and Maria Steingoltz, 2016). The successful joining of VR and AR into retail models will unfathomably change the manner in which retailers are thinking about stores without limits. Suggestion Conclusion The examples that will most impact the business' future;Autonomous Retail Service Robot (ARSR) innovation can advance and elevate in-store office and preparing. Clients can view robots 3D scanner by indicating a thing, they genuine need (Euromonitor International, 2016). The retail condition is as interesting today as it has ever been. Competition is expanding and moving to new fields, and clients are rapidly propelling their approach to manage purchase decisions. A chance to act is by and by. Retailers that do will be the champs when the accompanying piece of retailing history is formed (Dan McKone, Robert Haslehurst, and Maria Steingoltz, 2016). References Nikki Baird (2017). In Retail, AR is for customers and VR is for Business, Forbes [online]. Accessible from: https://www.forbes.com/destinations/nikkibaird/2017/04/26/in-retail-ar-is-for-customers and-vr-is-for-business/[Accessed 7 August 2017] Euromonitor International (2016). Computer generated Reality and Augmented Reality in Retail-Fad or Future. Accessible from: https://www.euromonitor.com/computer generated reality-and-expanded reality-in-retail-prevailing fashion or-future-/report [Accessed 7 August 2017] Dan McKone, Robert Haslehurst, and Maria Steingoltz (2016). Virtual and Augmented Reality will reshape Retail. Harvard Business Review. Accessible from: https://hbr.org/2016/09/virtual-and-expanded reality-will-reshape-retail [Accessed 7 August 2017] Roy Morgan Research 2016. Australian Retail Industry pioneers are failing to meet expectations on innovation selection. Article No. 7056. Accessible from: https://www.roymorgan.com/discoveries/7056-innovation reception among-retail-industry-leaders june-2016-201611181225 [Accessed 7 August 2017]

When is the Right Time to Start Making Citations

When is the Right Time to Start Making Citations (1) You probably know that including citations in your research paper is an important component of the writing process. They prevent you from committing plagiarism, and inform your reader about where you found outside information that supports your paper’s argument. Sometimes, however, it can be difficult to know when to start making these all-important references amid the rush of getting your paper completed on time. Here are some helpful tips about when to start making citations that should help you get the grade you deserve on your next assignment. 1. Make In-text/Parenthetical Citations as You Need Them As you are writing your paper, be sure to include references within the text that correspond with references in a works cited or bibliography. These are usually called in-text citations or parenthetical citations in MLA and APA formats. The most effective time to complete these is directly after you have made your reference to another source. For instance, after writing the line from Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…,” you would include a citation like this (depending on your chosen citation style): (Dickens 11). This signals to the reader that you have referenced an outside source. What’s great about this system is that the in-text citations serve as a natural list for all of the citations you have made in your paper, which will make completing the works cited page a whole lot easier. After you are done writing, all that will be left for you to do is scan your paper for these references, and then build a works cited page that includes a citation for each one. Need help creating an MLA works cited page? Try the MLA format generator on ! 2. Understand the General Formatting Rules of Your Citation Style Before You Start Writing While reading up on paper formatting may not sound exciting, being aware of how your paper should look early on in the paper writing process is super important. Citation styles can dictate more than just the appearance of the citations themselves, but rather can impact the layout of your paper as a whole, with specific guidelines concerning margin width, title treatment, and even font size and spacing. Knowing how to organize your paper before you start writing will ensure that you do not receive a low grade for something as trivial as forgetting a hanging indent. Don’t know where to start? Here’s a formatting guide on APA format. 3. Double-check All of Your Outside Sources for Relevance and Trustworthiness First Collecting outside sources that support your research and specific topic is a critical step in writing an effective paper. But before you run to the library and grab the first 20 books you can lay your hands on, keep in mind that selecting a source to include in your paper should not be taken lightly. Before you proceed with using it to backup your ideas, run a quick Internet search for it and see if other scholars in your field have written about it as well. Check to see if there are book reviews about it or peer accolades. If you spot something that seems off to you, you may want to consider leaving it out of your work. Doing this before your start making citations can save you a ton of time in the long run. Worried about missing a citation? Learn more about EasyBib Plus’s grammar and plagiarism checker. It can help you spot information you may need to cite, as well as give suggestions to improve your writing. In addition, sharpen your grammar IQ with our guides nouns, adverbs, prepositions, determiners, and more!

Turgor Pressure and the Important Tree Cell

Turgor pressure, also called turgidity when occurring in trees and most plants are the pressure of cell contents exerted against the plant cell wall including tree leaf and stem cells. A turgid plant cell contains more water and minerals in solution than flaccid (deflated) plant cells and exerts a greater osmotic pressure on its cell membrane and walls. So, turgor is a force exerted outward on a plant cell by the water contained within the sturdy cell wall. Water and its solutions fill up tree cells up to its optimum expansion capability determined by the cell wall. This force consequently gives a succulent plant rigidity and helps non-woody plants to keep erect. Woody-stemmed plants have extra structural support in the form of wood cells and bark. When you actually see a mature woody-stemmed plant like a trees leaf wilt due to low turgor pressure, major damage may have been done and tree health compromised. Extreme turgidity can result in the bursting of a cell but is rare in nature. The tree cell wall is designed to handle pressures beyond the cell membrane. Turgor and Osmosis in Trees Turgor pressure is not the mechanism that rises solutions from roots to leaves. Trying to describe this simply, the process of osmosis creates tree and plant turgidity by the osmotic propensity of moving a heavy water volume of weak solution from the roots toward a low water volume of high solution in the leaves and branches. A solution, in this case, is simply a water mixture of solutes in the leaves being concentrated and high and the water-holding solutes entering the root being diluted and low. In this particular botanical example, water is the solvent with a mixture of dissolved concentrations of various nutritive substances called the solute.   As the trees liquid reaches a static or equal solution mixture from root to crown, turgor pressure becomes optimal and pressure increase stops. The Important Tree Cell Wall and Membrane A trees cell wall is a tough, flexible wicker basket that is rigid but flexible and has the ability to stretch and expand as the cell membrane inside expands. It surrounds the delicate cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection. The cell wall will also act as a filter but the major function of the cell wall is to act as pressure support for the cell and its contents. The trees cellular membrane is a protective and functional cell layer that separates tree cell contents from the outside environment but is permeable to the organic molecules and minerals necessary to support tree life. Osmosis through the cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of tree cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is devoted to the protection of the cell contents from outside invasions of foreign materials.

Analysis Of Mark Twain, Henry Ford And William Shakespeare

Steve Jobs, Mark Twain, Henry Ford and William Shakespeare are all leading icons in this world. They all achieved something different than each other but they all share one thing in common which is, they have all either had very limited or no education at all. This leads me to my next question which is , â€Å"Do we really need education to become successful?† â€Å"what is the purpose of education?† I believe the purpose of education is to teach social skills, cultural values and to set up one’s life to become successful. A few things I wonder are â€Å" Why do we have to become educated in subjects we won t use in life? How come we have to pay for college when we didn’t pay for grade school? I also Believe that education has partly become a waste of time and money, because were being taught what we don’t want to be and are paying for it. There is usually a reason why people educate themselves further after high school. Whether it be for your career or if you just want to increase intelligence and knowledge. Either way you have to follow a certain path which eventually leads you to your goal. Although are some parts of education really needed? For example does a nurse need to have high math skills such as calculus? I believe not and it’s waste of time and money for something that you ll never use in your career. I believe you should be able to choose what you want to learn such as if you did want to take calculus and become a nurse, that is your choice which will look better on youShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesChair, Department of Management, Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame; Matherly-McKethan Eminent Scholar in Management, Warrington College of Business Administration , University of Florida; Stanley  M. Howe Professor in Leadership, Henry B. Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa; Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University; Lecturer, Charles University, Czech Republic, and Comenius University

American and Chinese Business Cultures Free Essays

string(119) " It is viewed as a polite gesture in both cultures to take a minute and view the business card before putting it away\." The American and Chinese business cultures have vast differences that interfere with the way business is carried out. The business people in the two regions have certain practices and values that are considered as norm. The differences in the two business cultures have led to some viable and successful business ventures to be turned down due to a misunderstandings or conflicts that were experienced based on the business cultural differences. We will write a custom essay sample on American and Chinese Business Cultures or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are various similarities found between the two business cultures and one similarity is the strict adherence to schedules and time management. The two business cultures value their time and they ensure that it is spent wisely. Failure to manage time in both cultures is seen as an insulting gesture and a sign of disrespect. Moreover, another similarity is the art of appreciation that is highly regarded and the respect given to the senior business men in meetings when they are being addressed. There are several outstanding differences that clearly exist between the two business cultures and they influence the manner in which business is carried out in these countries. For instance in the Chinese business culture, businesses are owned and managed within the family regardless of their qualifications and experience. Information regarding the performance of the businesses is treated as confidential and when they need funds for their businesses they search for it from their friends and family or within the private sector. Americans on the other hand, seek funds from both the private and public sectors to finance their business. They also reveal all the information about their companies making it public for the public to scrutinize and analyze it. In addition, their businesses are run by qualified professionals. 1. 0 Introduction Culture is a complex way of living that is developed by many people all over the world. It is passed on from one generation to the next over the years for it to be maintained. It is worth noting that culture is entails the values and norms followed by a group of people in a society and it describes the way those people should behave and treat each other as they live together harmoniously (Bucknall, 2000). It equally defines the nature of the people in that society and how they relate to the rest of the world. The culture of a particular people characterizes how they can relate to another group with a culture that is quite different. The more the differences that exist between the two cultures the more difficult it is for the two societies to live together and interact. On the same note, the chances of misunderstandings increase when two cultures differ greatly in their values, norms and other characteristics. Additionally, conflicts also increase exponentially when the two societies have not had any interactions among them (Gertmenian, n. d). The American and the Chinese business cultures are a good example of cultures that are different and that continually interact with many challenges and misunderstandings facing them. Business people who have been trying to venture into the two economies have been faced with several challenges. Some of these business people have gone into business ventures with little or no information about the cultural differences between the two business cultures (Chen, 2003). Their business ideas and ventures have failed despite their capabilities and promise of success and profitability. The reasons that have been cited for the failure of such profitable ventures are the lack of understanding of the differences in the culture between the Americans and the Chinese. Business opportunities continue to increase in the Chinese region and this is attracting a lot of Americans to take up these opportunities. This business people need to understand the different aspects that lie between the two cultures and the business etiquette that is required from them once they are in China. It bears noting that the Chinese community also needs to understand the American culture with regard to the business practices in order to minimize the chances of misunderstandings and disagreements. Knowledge of the two different cultures is very important to the success of the business. In light of this view this paper will objectively discuss four similarities and four differences between the American and Chinese business cultures. 2. 0 Similarities between the American and the Chinese Business Culture The American and Chinese business culture though depicted in two different countries, share some similarities in the way they operate. These similarities are shared through their strategies and focus that they both have in carrying out business successfully. The similarities that they share are independent and are not influenced by the behavior or culture of the each other. These similarities are however grounded in the way their other cultural practices that they have developed and maintained over the years. a) Business Meetings This is one of the similar features in the sense that the two business cultures hold business meetings to discuss business relationships between the companies. The business meetings may take the form of lunches or dinners or they may sometimes be carried out in the offices. The meetings are usually arranged in advance and they sometimes require some form of literature that is forwarded to each of the invited guests (Kwintessential, n. d). The meetings are usually arranged on normal working days to avoid inconveniencing the different parties attending and the dress code is usually implied by different factors but in most cases it is formal. The right relationship is first made in both cultures to allow for the development of the business deal. It is worth mentioning that in both cultures business meetings usually involve the shaking of hands when they are being introduced to each other and it shows that they are in agreement. The shaking of hands is taken to be a sign of respect between the two parties. Business cards are exchanged during the meeting either at the start or end of the meeting. It is viewed as a polite gesture in both cultures to take a minute and view the business card before putting it away. You read "American and Chinese Business Cultures" in category "Papers" When business is being carried out between the two cultures it is important that the business cards are made bi-lingual to ensure that the recipients are able to read them. Refreshments are also offered during the business meetings. In the Chinese culture green tea is usually offered in most of the meeting though some of the international companies also offer coffee as refreshment. In the American culture refreshments usually consist mostly of coffee or tea. During the meeting exclusive sitting arrangements in both cultures are made and each person who attends the meetings has to sit at a precise position allocated to them. There is usually a host in the meetings who ensures that the meeting goes on smoothly and that the guests are well hosted (CBBC, n. d). b) Managing Time In both business cultures time is of the essence case in point. Among the Chinese business meetings start on time and they take the scheduled time needed to ensure that the purpose of the meeting is achieved. Time is not wasted during the meetings and they remain focused to the agenda of the meeting. Punctuality is emphasizes and considered to be very important in both cultures and the attendants are actually encouraged to arrive early. Besides, in the Chinese business community arriving late to any business meeting is seen as an insult to the other members. When the meeting is a Chinese banquet, the guests are advised to arrive at least 15 minutes before the banquet starts (Chinese Business Culture, n. d). The Americans on the other hand usually work with tight schedules and they equally value their time. They do not take it kindly when the guests who are supposed to be in the meeting arrive late. It is a common practice to be asked to wait after arriving early for a meeting in the American culture as the host finishes preparing for the meeting. In both cultures business meeting are carried out within normal working hours that are between 8 am and 5pm (â€Å"Chinese Business Culture,† n. d) and is mostly for the meetings carried out within the offices. Other meetings that take place in the evenings like the dinner meetings are not extended late into the night. c) Protocol In both cultures the seniority levels are strictly followed. The most senior person is introduced first and is usually referred to by their surnames and their positions such as Mr. or Director (CBBC, n. d). This is usually very important and is regarded as a sign of respect for them. Their position may be given when they are being introduced and each person in the meeting is expected to address them according to their titles and position. Protocol is also expected to be maintained in the seating arrangements with the senior person given the front seat. The host normally takes the seat that is placed in the middle of the table and faces the door. The most senior person in the meeting seats on the left side of the host at the middle seat. The rest of people in the meeting get their seating positions according to their status in a descending manner. Seniority in the Chinese business culture is very important especially when the meeting involves state or government officials. When the introductions are being made the senior person is introduced first then the rest follow. When business cards or gifts are being offered, it is polite in both cultures to offer the senior person in the meeting first (Saxon, 2007). In the American culture the same is expected of the government and state officials. They need to be addressed according to their title and their positions. They also get introduced first in the meetings and accorded the respect that they deserve. d) Appreciation Both cultures have a way of appreciating the other parties especially after a successful business deal. The appreciation method normally takes place at the end of the meeting when the deal has been finalized. In the Chinese business culture the business people take a lot of time and effort in appreciating their business partners and their clients as a way of supporting and developing their business relationships. They normally give them gifts as a sign of appreciation for the business, celebrating the success of a business deal, a way to encourage future business and to strengthen the relationship between them (Thompson, 2007). In the Chinese business culture the business people may decide to ask the other business people what they would like as a gift. The giving of gifts is usually carried out with a certain intended purpose. When it is given in the absence of a good reason it is usually construed differently. The recipient of the gift in most cases is expected to reciprocate since the gift is seen as a debt. The choice of the gift is usually considered wisely and cash is never accepted as a gift in the Chinese culture (CBBC, n. d). In the American business culture appreciation is a common practice within companies doing business together. The art of giving gifts is however restricted by some of the business companies. Most of these businesses normally prefer giving a note that is gracious and which is very appropriate and acceptable among the companies. For the companies that offer gifts, the gift is given in such a way that it does not appear to be a bribe to the receiving company. In most companies an invitation to a meal is the most common method used among business people. 3. 0 Differences between the American and the Chinese Business Culture There are vast differences that exist between the American and Chinese business cultures that continually affect the way business is carried out. Both countries have had different backgrounds that have led to these differences. These differences are clearly established when it comes to the communication level between the two sides duet to the language barrier. Consequently, these differences have led to the failure of successful business ventures between the two countries and the loss of a lot of money. a) Relationships in Business This is a major difference because in the Chinese business community, a lot of emphasis is put on establishing and maintaining relationships. Moreover, the main objective put in most business meetings is the development of business relationships between the parties involved. The relationship in the Chinese culture is seen to be more of cooperation other than just business relationships. For them to do any business, the parties involved need to be friends. They exchange gifts during meetings and host each other in various places to establish their relationships. Most of their business meetings are carried out during meals such as dinners or lunch as they talk about life in general. Such encounters are seen to strengthen their business relationships and develop trust among them (Chinese Business Culture, n. d). In America however the purpose of business meetings is to close a deal. There is little or no emphasis in maintaining relationships. The American’s keep a certain attitude that business is business and hence there is no need for them to be friends or even remain friends after the business deal is closed. The business meetings are carried out in formal environments and are characterized by concepts and features that are focused on business. The talk in these business meetings also focuses on business and the deal that is supposed to be made with the party that is proposing the deal highlighting gains that the other party will acquire once they accept the deal (Saxon, 2007). b) Availability of Information Another difference that exists between the Chinese and the Americans lays in the way they handle information about their business and the performance. It is considered rude and inappropriate among the Chinese for one to ask about the performance of another’s business. The Chinese only reveal this kind of information to their close friends and families and other people that are very close to them. The information is also not publicly available and they do not discuss the performance of their companies. They never volunteer their business information to other people (CBBC, n. d). The business plan is also considered to be an inappropriate document and is not used in the Chinese business world. They do not make such documents since they are considered to portray distrust among them. They prefer to believe each other when doing business and not ask for documents or information that will show the performance of the company or business. Many of the Chinese business people have been known to enter into business opportunities that are worth millions when they know very little about the other company. They rely on trust and they sign these deals by a mere handshake (Thompson, 2007). American business people on the other hand require a lot of detailed information about the companies that are involved in the business. They normally require a detailed company profile and other information that is essential in proving the performance of a company before they even start negotiating a business deal. This information may include the financial statements, the sales figures, marketing strategies and even business plans. For them to make decisions about any business opportunity they need to gather facts and data that will help them support the decisions that they make. Their business information is also made publicly available as they produce quarterly and annual reports that are availed and openly discussed. c) Business Ownership According to the Chinese culture, the businesses are normally family owned and they practice a lot of nepotism. Also, the businesses are controlled and operated by the family members and this is the norm in the country. The business is inherited within the family members despite their qualifications and their job experience and as such it is one of the strongest cultural practices in the business world among the Chinese. The businesses are usually carried out based on the family obligations rather than the pursuit of riches (Thompson, 2007). The owner of the business who is mostly the head of the family carefully makes decisions regarding the business and how it is operated. This individual hires new employees and executes changes that are needed. Besides, the individual in question selects the family member that will take over the critical role of running the business. Other family members and even some close family friends are given other top roles in the business. This practice is usually carried out because of distrust and social status among the Chinese people. The practice tends to lead to them overlooking the qualifications that are needed for the top positions held. In America however the business is usually carried out from a totally different perspective. Nepotism in the American business environment is considered illegal and highly discouraged within the business environment. When one is suspected or found guilty of having practiced it by hiring or favoring a family member in the business rather than a qualified a stranger or an employee of the company, serious legal charges are made. Further, one may end up in the middle of very serious legal charges that may lead to high compensations and legal damage fees arising from the act. Businesses tend to therefore hire employees in terms of merit and qualifications. Decisions are made by the management of the business rather than the family members. They tend to do what is right for the business rather than what might be appropriate for the family (Saxon, 2007). In the American business culture the purpose of the business is to make money rather than to provide for the company. The businesses normally have a purpose that they follow and strive to achieve. They also have a purpose and a clear and organized chain of command within the business. The protocol has to be followed in the businesses especially when issues are being raised and during the decision making process. For example middle level managers are not allowed to question the authority at the top. They must follow protocol at all times and direct their issues to the other managers above them before they can get the issue to the top management. d) Future of the Business Business in the Chinese culture is normally centered on the long term profitability and investments rather than the short term (Thompson, 2007). The business also strives to increase the family honor as status is an important element in the business environment in the culture. The family honor is measured according to the status that the family is given in the community. The higher the respect and status, the more the family honors. The family needs to have the ability to command respect and trust from the society. It is equally notable that the future of the business is usually focused on ensuring that the family honor is maintained. Each transaction of the business is carefully considered and implemented in a way that invests into the future of the company. Relationships are also maintained and kept for the long term benefits. When acquiring finances to start the business or expand the business to facilitate its growth, the Chinese businesses normally search for funds among the family members. The businesses are largely financed by the family members. They also use family connections to acquire loans from their friends and sometimes use the family investments to act as collateral for these loans. It is very rare for the Chinese businesses to look for methods of finances from the public sources. They restrict themselves to the private sources since they prefer the confidentiality that the method brings (Gertmenian, n. d). They also use these methods since they operate on a trust basis to carry out their business and this method does not require them to provide any documents regarding the performance of the business. When developing their businesses, the Chinese people use the family connections and their friends to make and increase the sales of their businesses. They develop personal connections with all their customers and clients and to ensure that these relationships maintained even in the long run. To maintain these relationships they go to great lengths and incur huge expenses as they stay connected to the customers and the business people who are influential and who make huge decisions. They give tokens of appreciation for services that are offered to them and to their customers (Chen, 2003). It is not unusual for the large Chinese corporations to incur extensive costs in international travel when they have clients from overseas. The American culture of carrying out business normally focuses on the profits that the business makes and achieving the targets and goals made. They take little concern on the relationships that are needed to ensure the future of the business. They rely on several methods to increase the profitability of the business and its future. A lot of marketing and advertising is carried out as they concentrate more on the monetary gains and having the most effective practices that will contribute to the goals of the company in the future. They take sales and marketing activities seriously to boost the company’s performance in the short term and also in the long run. When seeking finances to expand their business or even start off the Americans are used to seeking public sources of finances and selling securities (Thompson, 2007). They prefer such methods as they are able to cater for the financial needs and targets. Most of the companies and corporations are usually publicly owned and therefore they provide their financial information to the public. They are also publicly scrutinized for every decision that they make. 4. 0 Conclusion It is true that the American and Chinese business cultures are different and they interfere with the business development. Most of the failure of the ventures in business in the region is attributable to the neglect by the multi-national companies to understand the cultural differences that exist between the two business environments. It is worth noting that there is need for these companies to understand these cultures to ensure that they are able to successfully develop business opportunities that are continually emerging. Word Count: 3400 Reference List Bucknall, K. (2000). Chinese Business Etiquette and Culture. California: CM Online Media, Inc. CBBC. (n. d). China Guide. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from China Britain Business Council: http://www. cbbc. org/china_guide/b_culture. html Chen, M. -J. (2003). Inside Chinese Business: A Guide for Managers Worldwide. Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press. Chinese Business Culture. (n. d). Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Los Angeles Chinese Learning Center: http://chinese-school. netfirms. com/business. html Gertmenian, L. W. (n. d). Cultural Insights on Doing Business in China . Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Pepperdine University: http://gbr. pepperdine. edu/982/china. html Kwintessential. (n. d). Doing Business in China. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Kwintessential: http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/etiquette/doing-business-china. html Saxon, M. (2007). An American’s guide to doing business in China:. Massachusetts: Adams Media. Thompson, S. (2007, October 29). American Vs. Chinese Business Culture: In the Family. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Associated Content: http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/421642/american_vs_chinese_business_culture. html How to cite American and Chinese Business Cultures, Papers

Ethic and Research in Professional Context Abortion

Question: Case study Mrs B Mrs B is a 34 year old mother of two, who is suffering from mental illness. About rights, the right of the foetus to life and the rights of the woman to choose in matters affecting her own body and health. Case- Studies talking about the abortion Abortion ABOUT RIGHTS, THE right of the foetus to life and the rights of the women to choose in matters affecting her own body and health. The clinician was working within the law ( 1967 abortion act) And his professional code respecting the rights of the patient's autonomy and in her best interests (e.g.mental well being) The clinician may or may not be in a position to discuss with the husband. she/he would have to respect patient confidentiality. Mediation could the way forward in terms of the different opinions of wife and husband but both would have to agree to it. The potential benefit might be that each others positions might be better understood and even if they failed to agree there may be better understanding which would help the marriage post abortion. The financial well being of the family may also be an issue-a consequentiality argument, thinking about the good of the family as a whole(including the other children) rather than on the unborn child. Mr K's views may be influence by religion and or cultural background. he may hold traditional views of the roles of men and women in families where men have ultimate authority ( patriarchal), a prevalent form of masculinity? Answer: Introduction Abortion is one of the most discussed issues of ethical dilemma and moral controversy that is associated with the human race in the modern civilization. However, the aim of this essay is to find out the moral consideration regarding the fact that abortion is equal to murdering of human life or not. Different countries have different laws regarding abortion and most of them do not support it morally (Herring, 2014). It is also argued in this discussion about the rights of abortion and how a woman is entitled to take decision about the abortion. There are many cases throughout the world where many women have gone for illegal abortion due to different issues and faced several health complications. This is also one of the key issue in this discussion that why authorities are not defining a clear policy regarding the abortion. There are several factors that sometime forces to perform abortion such as the health problems of mother, mental stability of the mother and financial condition of the family therefore government has to make a policy that will ethically allow abortion in few circumstances to decrease the rate of unauthorized abortion. Ethical issue of abortion should also include the honest evaluation of the physician (Shrage, 2013). In every case of abortion there should be a physician evaluation and that physician should talk to understand the need of abortion of a particular women. The effort was put in this discussion to understand the case study and analyse it with the ethical viewpoint to reach amoral consideration. Discussion Description of the case-study in relation with ethical dilemma Mrs. B is pregnant in the age of 34 years. She already has two children who are still not adult in her family. Mrs. B is suffering from mental illness and she is unable to take proper care of her family. In such situation becoming pregnant for her is a risk for both mother and the baby. If mother is unable to protect her health in the time of pregnancy then it will increase the life risk for mother and baby (Stalnaker, 2013). In such situation the physician needs to play a responsible role to protect the health of mother. Since the family has two children therefore in this case the duty of the doctor is to prioritize the health condition of mother. Abortion could be an option to protect the health of MRS. B. In the time of pregnancy particularly in the first trimester mother needs lot of care and protection otherwise the growth and health of the baby and mother may deteriorate. In such situation physician comes in dilemma about his or her approach towards the treatment (Doherty, 2013 ). If mother continues with the pregnancy then baby will not get the proper treatment and care that might affect the babys life after birth and it is also an ethical issue. Identify the ethical issues the dilemma raises The Value of Life refers to the thought that our lives are an essential ownership of every individual. Each individual encounters their own lives uniquely throughout their lifespan, and nobody can really carry on or truly lives with another's life. Every individual must be dealt with as exceptional, however this does not dispose of the idea that closure of a human life can't be supported, rather it is trusted not be finished without proper Justification (Morrison, 2015). Thus, it is esteemed ethically wrong to end a man's life without wanting to. The Principal of individual freedom fundamentally expresses that as human being, we should have the opportunity to pick our own specific manners of life and method for being moral within our system that is associated with the society. Since no individual or circumstance is precisely like another, therefore there must be some flexibility for those individuals to manage these distinctive circumstances in a way that best suits those (Blaas, 201 4). Therefore the issue of abortion have different viewpoint that are associated with the ethical dilemma within our society. According to the situation the process of abortion sometime seems to right and sometime wrong. If the health condition of mother is not good and the birth of the child will risk her life then doctors always suggest abortion to save mothers life. But most of the cases of abortion are done to rectify the mistakes of individuals to restrict unintended pregnancy during sex (Welter, 2015). Most of the organizations are raising their voice to restrict such kind of abortion. In these cases the health of the mother is good and they are able to give birth of healthy child but since the pregnancy is unintended of they have not planned for child therefore they are approaching towards abortion. These types of cases are definitely unethical and doctors also should not support such situation of abortion. According to the case study of MRS. B it is clear that the situation is very critical for her. Mrs. B is mentally disturbed that is the issue of health problem. Doctors and physicians always suggest conceiving pregnancy during the best health condition of mother. If the mother is not well with her health at that time conceiving baby is also an unethical issue (Marcum, 2012). It is fact that during the bad health condition of mother baby will not grow well therefore there is a high chance to give birth of an unhealthy child. After birth the child has to suffer that bad health condition throughout his or her life and he or she is not responsible for that rather the parents of that child are responsible. Therefore it raises the question of ethical issue that only abortion should not come under ethical consideration other related issues should be taken under consideration. In case of Mrs. B she is mentally ill that ethically do not support her pregnancy (Cochrane, 2014). The doctor and t he mother have all right to abort the fetus since there is a high chance of giving birth of unhealthy baby and mothers life also becomes risky. Therefore the ethical dilemma is that who to prioritize here and under which act the abortion should be done legally. Different people involved in this ethical dilemma Abortion is one such process that has no clear stance regarding its ethical view point. The whole society is involved in this process particularly every member of the society have different views in this topic (Ely at al, 2012). Most of the time abortion is argued from different perspective therefore it is difficult to understand the exact view that is discussed below. Patients Patients are mother who carries the baby in her womb. From her perspective abortion is one of the job in her life that she will never think off but sometimes it becomes necessary. If the woman is married then there might be financial problem. In case of MRS. B she has two children and the financial condition of the family is not so good. In such situation the third child will not get as much care as he or she deserve. Therefore from the patients perspective abortion is ethical so that she can support her existing children properly (Mizuno et al, 2013). Physician Physician have a big role in the incidence of abortion because without their support it is not possible. In many countries where abortion is restricted by law, in those countries physician play a big role because if they think that abortion is really necessary due to the health effect of the mother then only they will do that. Otherwise it is not allowed by the law. In the case of mental illness physician has the right to abort the fetus without informing husband due to the confidentiality of the patients. If the physician thinks that patient will improve her health after abortion then it can be done (Dittmer, 2013). Family members Family members also important and their views relate to the ethical and moral incidence. Family members will never support abortion where pregnancy is desired. Most of the time family members support abortion where pregnancy is unintended and society will not support them. The general public The view of general public will always morally oppose the incidence of abortion because they will express their view from their perspective. According to the general public abortion is same as killing because it is ending a heartbeat straight away knowingly. Many view of general public also says that if the women is ready to take the pain and risk of aborting the child then it is the right of the mother who will be considered as the deciding authority (Pilkington, 2015). Health and social care assistants There are many social organizations who are strongly opposing the incidence of abortion. They believe that since fetus has their life therefore it is same as killing. Many healthcare professional supports the issue because they understand that all the situation do not support the pregnancy therefore it is better to abort the fetus rather to continue with it that risk the life of mother. Both the professionals argue that normal abortion should be avoided which are needed for the carelessness of the women (Luna Wolf, 2014). Youth workers Youth workers in these days have both views because of their lifestyle changes. Since live-together is very popular among them therefore incidence of abortion is also very common. The young population thinks that there is nothing related to the unethical with abortion since it is the personal matter between two individuals. Women should have all the right to decide about the abortion (Coles Compston, 2013). Potential conflict and points of agreement in terms of ethical arguments It is broadly acknowledged that the actuality of abortion has been a subject of discussion for a long time. Subsequent to the extent of individuals who acknowledge abortion as a normal system is equivalent to the extent of the individuals who consider abortion a crime. Starting with the methodology of Utilitarianism, we should say that Utilitarianism is concerned basically with pleasure and with pain. Therefore somebody should be worried with the measures of pleasure and pain in circumstances where abortion is allowed as stood out from the measures of pleasure and pain where aborting fetus is forbidden. McNeilly (2013) has suggested that the main consideration should be associated with the interest of fetus whether the fetus has the right to live or not. In the same topic Shannon (2013) has argued with the right of fetus and mother that is important. If mother has the freedom to choose the option of abortion for her better life then why the interest of the fetus is ignored. Fetus also has the right to live her life with full freedom. In the case of ethical arguments the life of mother and the life of fetus should be considered as separate entity and neither mother nor any other entity has the right to decide about the abortion in normal circumstanc e. Therefore arguing with the conflict it can be said that morally abortion should be considered in few circumstances where mother is unable to survive or in the case the life off the child is under risk (Gallagher et al, 2012). There has been another argument that includes the family members with the incidence of abortion. There has been a myth that having a baby will decrease the happiness within a relationship even in those cases where pregnancy is desired. These types of situation are very much unexpected because these types of parents do not have any responsibility about their childs life. The mentality of such parents will not help the child to grow properly in his or her life. The conflict starts here with the decision that if the abortion is allowed then they will perform such thing frequently and if the abortion is restricted then the child will suffer after birth therefore both ways the process is becoming unethical (Parks, 2015). According to the moral view it is necessar y to allow abortion in modern civilization where affordability is one of the key issues but it is also necessary to adopt other ways so that husband and wifes should be conscious enough to avoid the incidence of abortion frequently. More frequently abortion will increase the life risk of the mother and also becomes wrong morally because mistakes can be done once but when it is frequent then it can be supported by the strong unethical issue (Guadamuz, 2015). In a different argument two distinct views of abortion is discussed to understand the right or wrong thing associated with it is the Prolife that is against abortion and the other is Prochoice that is in favour of abortion. The first view is prolife that believes in the concept of absolute right to life that is associated with the value of principle. By the 3rd week of the pregnancy the embryo gets its heart beats and starts to live her own life (Cheong Tay, 2014). Therefore abortion in any stage is same as killing that ends the life of an innocent child. This view is providing thee alternative of abortion as adoption because it will at least help the fetus to get the life and after birth he or she will be able to live the life. Prolife view also suggests that women should keep control over their bodies and if they fail to do that, then they should take the help of contraceptives to avoid unwanted pregnancy. If a woman fails to use these measures then she should take the full respon sibility of that child rather sacrificing human life. According to the second view of Prochoice women have all the right over their bodies and greatly favour abortion. This view is arguing that how it can be considered as a human life before birth (Coeytaux et al, 2014). Prochoice is claiming the principle of individual freedom that is associated with the individual choice to determine what is right for them in their own circumstances. The argument starts with the concern of deformities of the fetus that is associated with the health burden and lot of suffering of the child after birth. The argument is also applicable for thee unfit mothers who are not able to continue with the embryo. In case of rape the woman should have all the right to go for abortion because the circumstance is unwanted (Sundstrom, Briones Janoske, 2013). Discussing all these views Prochoice is also developing the logical way to prove their claim so that morally abortion do not become a crime and there is no w ay that mother will feel bad if the situation is unintended. Influence in respond to the ethical dilemma Ethical dilemma regarding the abortion issue has got no clear view that will help to reach in a particular decision. There are different elements in the society that are influencing the incidence of abortion. Gender Gender is one such element that influences the abortion too much. Male and females have different views regarding this issue. Since female are the victim and they have to carry the fetus in their womb therefore they always have a sentiment to abort a fetus. Most of the female do not support the abortion but still they have to accept it because of their carelessness (Church Ekber, 2013). But males are very open to the process and majority of them support the issue because it will reduce the responsibility of their carelessness also. Ethnicity - Ethnicity morally do not support the abortion of fetus but the most of the women went to abort their fetus due to this society. Therefore the question arises that how it can be justified that which circumstances are really ethical to abort a fetus. The influence due to ethnicity thus forces in both way and creates the ethical dilemma (McCullough, 2012). Religion Influence of religion is very high in this issue because most of the individual in this earth belongs to some religion belief. No religion belief is there in the earth that supports abortion in any circumstances. Religiously it is the worst job to end the life of a fetus because they believe that every fetus have the right to get birth (Macklin, 2012). Education of the human being is changing the view and peoples are less influenced by the religion belief so that women or parents can decide according to their needs. Age Age influence in different way because different age of a women have different complication that may or may not support the abortion. Therefore it is totally decided by the doctors that at which age it can be performed or not (Allyse et al, 2013). Relevant codes of professional conduct and law associated with dilemma and moral solution According to the abortion act 1967 there is no clear view of thee abortion circumstance. The law support abortion is those cases that are associated with urgent medical reasons with the consent of a psychiatrist, to protect their mental health. According to this act the cost to womens health of illegal abortion was high with around 40 women dying each year and many more injured. Doctors, politicians and members of some religious communities worked together to pass a law that allowed for abortion in some circumstances (Sahinoglu et al, 2013). This law has entitled thee doctor as the decision making authority not the woman for each case of abortion but does not provide any reason that will make abortion as illegal. Much of the law is open to interpretation and asks doctors to make a judgment based on weighing up risks rather than specifying particular circumstances in which abortion would be legal (Emmerich, 2015). In 1990 the 1967 Act was amended by the Human Fertilisation and Embryol ogy Act, which reduced the original time limit of 28 weeks to 24 weeks for most abortions. Conclusion It can be concluded from this discussion that abortion is morally a wrong purpose if it is not associated with the health condition of mother. Therefore the law also entitles doctors to decide about the legality of the abortion to minimize the illegal form that is more affecting the womens health. Most of the time doctors found that carelessness is the cause of abortion that can be state as the unethical but there are incidences also when mother has to do abortion to survive with her own life that is termed as the morally ethical. Reference List Allyse, M.A., Sayres, L.C., Havard, M., King, J.S., Greely, H.T., Hudgins, L., Taylor, J., Norton, M.E., Cho, M.K., Magnus, D. and Ormond, K.E., 2013. Best ethical practices for clinicians and laboratories in the provision of noninvasive prenatal testing.Prenatal diagnosis,33(7), pp.656-661. Blaas, S., 2014. Intellectual disability: ethics, dehumanization, and a new moral community.International Journal of Disability, Development and Education,61(2), pp.186-186. Cheong, M.A. and Tay, C.S.K., 2014. Application of legal principles and medical ethics: multifetal pregnancy and fetal reduction.Singapore medical journal,55(6), p.298. Church, S. and Ekberg, M., 2013. Student midwives' responses to reproductive ethics: A qualitative focus group approach using case scenarios.Midwifery,29(8), pp.895-901. Cochrane, S., 2014. Doogan and Wood v. NHS Greater Glasgow Clyde Health Board [2013] CSIH 36.Aberdeen Student L. Rev.,5, p.148. Coeytaux, F., Hessini, L., Ejano, N., Obbuyi, A., Oguttu, M., Osur, J. and Shuken, K., 2014. Facilitating womens access to misoprostol through community-based advocacy in Kenya and Tanzania.International Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics,125(1), pp.53-55. Coles, A.J. and Compston, D.A.S., 2013. 30. Multiple Sclerosis: Ethics, Outcome Wariables and.Clinical Trials in Neurology, p.359. Dittmer, J., 2013. Ethics, Applied.Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Doherty, C.F., 2013. Current discourses to abortion in Ireland. Ely, G.E., Flaherty, C., Akers, L.S. and Noland, T.B., 2012. Social Work Student Attitudes Toward the Social Work Perspective on Abortion.Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics,9(2). Emmerich, N., 2015. A Sociological Analysis of Ethical Expertise.SAGE Open,5(2), p.2158244015590445. Gallagher, K., Marlow, N., Edgley, A. and Porock, D., 2012. The attitudes of neonatal nurses towards extremely preterm infants.Journal of advanced nursing,68(8), pp.1768-1779. Guadamuz, T.E., 2015, November. Ethical considerations of adolescents engaging in sexuality-themed research in Vietnam: Perceptions of parents with teenage children. In143rd APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition (October 31-November 4, 2015). APHA. Herring, J., 2014.Medical law and ethics. Oxford University Press. Luna, F. and Wolf, A.B., 2014. Challenges for assisted reproduction and secondary infertility in Latin America.IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics,7(1), pp.3-27. Macklin, R., 2012. A global ethics approach to vulnerability.International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics,5(2), pp.64-81. Marcum, J.A., 2012. Johnson, Lawrence E: A life-centered approach to bioethics: biocentric ethics.Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics,33(3), pp.227-231. McCullough, L.B., 2012. Responsibly managing uncertainties in clinical ethics.Journal of Medicine and Philosophy,37(1), pp.1-5. McNeilly, K., 2013. Framing Wrongs and Performing Rights in Northern Ireland: Towards a Butlerian Approach to Life in Abortion Strategising.Journal of International Women's Studies,14(4), pp.95-108. Mizuno, M., Kinefuchi, E., Kimura, R. and Tsuda, A., 2013. Professional quality of life of Japanese nurses/midwives providing abortion/childbirth care.Nursing ethics,20(5), pp.539-550. Morrison, M., 2015. Children Consenting to Abortion in New Zealand: An Ethical and Legal Critique.Asian Bioethics Review,7(1), pp.26-42. Parks, J.A., 2015. Reproductive Technology.The Encyclopedia of Political Thought. Pilkington, B., 2015. Charles C. Camosy: Peter Singer and Christian Ethics: Beyond Polarization.Faith and Philosophy,32(4), pp.478-480. Sahinoglu, S., Hanzade Dogan, H. and Ornek Buken, N., 2013. The Concept of Reproductive Health Care and Abortion: A Small Survey in Turkey and Comparative Ethical Debate.Current Women's Health Reviews,9(3), pp.201-208. Shannon, T.A., 2013. Moral Rules in their Social Setting: Abortion.Proceedings of the Catholic Theological Society of America,39. Shrage, L., 2013.Moral dilemmas of feminism: Prostitution, adultery, and abortion. Routledge. Stalnaker, A., 2013. Comparative Religious Ethics.The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Sundstrom, B., Lyn Briones, R. and Janoske, M., 2013. Expecting the unexpected: Non-profit women's organizations media responses to anti-abortion terrorism.Journal of Communication Management,17(4), pp.341-363. Welter, B., 2015. The Sacredness of Human Life: Why an Ancient Biblical Vision Is Key to the Worlds Future by David P. Gushee.The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly,15(1), pp.183-187.

Solvent Essay Example

Solvent Essay Solubility of Organic Compounds Objectives: understanding the relative solubility of organic compounds in various solvents. Exploration of the effect of polar groups on a monopoly hydrocarbon skeleton. Introduction: The solubility of a solute (a dissolved substance) In a solvent (the dissolving medium) is the most Important chemical principle underlying three major techniques you will study in the organic chemistry laboratory: crystallization, extraction, and chromatography. In this experiment on solubility you will gain an understanding of the structural features of a substance that determine its solubility in various elevens. This understanding will help you to predict solubility behavior and to understand the techniques that are based on this property. In one part of this experiment, you will determine whether a solid organic compound is soluble or insoluble in a given solvent. You should keep in mind that this is actually an over simplification since some solids may be partially soluble in a given solvent. If the organic compound being dissolved in a solvent is a liquid, then it is sometimes more appropriate to say that the compound and the solvent are miscible (mix homogeneously In all proportions). Likewise, If the liquid organic impound Is Insoluble In the solvent, then they are Immiscible (do not mix, and form two liquid phases). A major goal of this experiment is to learn how to make predictions about whether or not a substance will be soluble in a given solvent. This is not always easy to do, even for an experienced chemist. We will write a custom essay sample on Solvent specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solvent specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solvent specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However there are some guidelines which will often make It possible for you to make a good guess about the collectibles of compounds In specific solvents. In discussing these guidelines It Is helpful to separate the types of solutions we will be looking at into two categories: (1 ) Solutions n which both the solvent and the solute are covalent (molecular). (2) Ionic solutions in which the solute unionizes and dissociates. L. Solutions In which the Solvent and Solute are Molecular A generalization which is very useful in predicting solubility behavior is the widely used rule, Like dissolves like. This rule is most commonly applied to polar and monopoly compounds. According to this rule, a polar solvent will dissolve polar (or ionic) compounds and a monopoly solvent will dissolve monopoly compounds. The reason why this rule works has to do with the nature of Intermolecular forces of attraction. Although we will not be focusing on the attraction between polar molecules is called dipole- dipole interaction (or hydrogen bonding under certain circumstances); between monopoly molecules it is called London dispersion forces. In both cases these attractive forces can occur between molecules of the same compound or different compounds In this experiment, you will be testing the solubility of several compounds in several solvents. You will then be asked to explain these results primarily in terms of the polarity of the solvent and the solute. This can be done only if you are able to determine whether a substance is polar or monopoly. The polarity of a compound is dependent on both the polarities of the individual bonds and the shape of the molecule. For most organic compounds, evaluating these factors can become quite complicated because of the complexities of the molecules. However, it is possible to make some reasonable predictions by Just looking at the types of atoms which a compound possesses. As you read the following guidelines, it is important to understand that, although we often describe compounds as being polar or monopoly, polarity is a matter of degree, ranging from monopoly to highly alarm. Guidelines. These guidelines will be helpful in completing this laboratory experiment. They will help you to determine if a substance is polar or monopoly and to make predictions about solubility. 1. All hydrocarbons are monopoly. Examples: Hexane Benzene 2. Compounds possessing the electronegative elements oxygen or nitrogen are generally polar. Acetone Ethyl alcohol Ethyl acetate Ethylene Ethyl ether Water The polarity of these compounds depends on the presence of polar C-O, C=O, OH, NH and CNN bonds. The compounds which are most polar are capable of forming hydrogen bonds (see #4) and have NH or OH bonds. Although all of these polar. This is due to the effect of the size of the carbon chain on polarity and whether or not the compound can form hydrogen bonds. 3. The presence of halogen atoms, even though their electromagnetisms are relatively high, does not alter the polarity of an organic compound in a significant way. Therefore, these compounds are only slightly polar. The polarities of these compounds are more similar to hydrocarbons, which are monopoly, than to water which is highly polar. Examples Methyl chloride (disintermediation) Schoolchildren 4. When comparing organic compounds within the same family, adding carbon atoms to the chain decreases the polarity. For example, methyl alcohol (COACH) is more polar than propel alcohol (CHICHIS). This is because hydrocarbons are monopoly, and increasing the length of a carbon chain makes the compound more hydrocarbon-like. The general rule of thumb is that each polar group (groups containing nitrogen or oxygen) will allow up to 4 carbons to be soluble in water. 5. As mentioned earlier, the force of attraction between polar molecules is dipole- dipole interaction. A special case of dipole-dipole interaction is hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is a possibility when a compound possesses a hydrogen atom bonded too nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom. It is the attraction between this hydrogen atom and a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom in another molecule. Hydrogen bonding may occur between two molecules of the same compound or between molecules of different compounds. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of dipole-dipole interaction. When hydrogen bonding between solute and solvent is possible, solubility is greater than one would expect for compounds of similar polarity that cannot form hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonding is very important in organic chemistry and biochemistry, and you should be alert for situations in which hydrogen bonding may occur. II. Solutions in which the Solute Unionizes and Dissociates Many ionic compounds are highly soluble in water because of the strong attraction between ions and the highly polar water molecules. This also applies to organic compounds that can exist as ions. For example, sodium acetate consists of An+ and CHOC- ions, which are highly soluble in water. Although there are some exceptions, you may assume in this experiment that all organic compounds that are n the ionic form will be water-soluble. Sections. For example, carboxylic acids can be converted to water-soluble salts when they react with dilute aqueous Noah: water-insoluble carboxylic acid water-soluble salt The water-soluble salt can then be converted back to the original carboxylic acid by adding another acid (usually aqueous HCI) to the solution of the salt: Amines, which are orga nic bases, can also be converted to water-soluble salts when they react with dilute aqueous HCI: amine This salt can be converted back to the original amine by adding a base (usually aqueous Noah) to the solution of the salt. Pre-Lab: . Several portions of this lab request that you make predictions regarding outcomes of solubility experiments. Make these predictions before you arrive in lab and record them on this worksheet. 2. Write a paragraph describing hydrogen bonding and draw an illustration of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Do not forget to discuss electronegative, lone pairs and bond polarity. Complete this assignment on a separate sheet of paper and submit it at the beginning of lab. Lab Report Guide: 1. Results (5 pets) Tables neatly filled out Questions legibly answered Results: (Please fill out and submit with the lab report. Recopy if messy) Part A. Solubility of Solid Compounds Place about 40 MGM (0. 040 g) of phenyl into each of two dry test tubes. (Dont try to be exact: you can be 1-2 MGM off and the experiment will still work. ) Label the test tubes and then add 1 ml of water to the 1st tube and 1 ml of hexane to the 2nd tube. Determine the solubility of each sample in the following way. Using the rounded end of a spatula, stir each sample continuously for 60 seconds by twirling the spatula rapidly. After 60 seconds (do not stir longer), note whether the compound is soluble (dissolves completely) or insoluble (none of it dissolves). If all but a couple granules have dissolved, then you should state that the sample is soluble. Record these results in the following table. Now repeat the directions given above for with Miltonic acid. Record these results. Compound Water Prediction Water Result Hexane Prediction Hexane Result Phenyl Miltonic acid Problems 1. For each of the four solubility tests, explain your results in terms of the polarities. A. Phenyl in water b. Phenyl in hexane d. Miltonic acid in hexane Is hydrogen bonding possible for any of the 4 pairs of solids and solvent? If so, 2. Draw a picture showing a hydrogen bond between the solvent and solute. Part B. Solubility of Different Alcohols For each solubility test (see table), add 1 ml of solvent (water or hexane) to a test tube. Then add one of the alcohols drowses. Shake the tube after adding each drop. Continue adding the alcohol until you have added a total of 10 drops. If you see one layer, the liquids are miscible (soluble). If you see two layers, they are immiscible. Record your results (miscible or immiscible) in your notebook in table form. Methyl alcohol 1 -Octagon . Explain each of these results. Methyl alcohol in water a. B. Methyl alcohol in hexane . I-octagon in water d. I-octagon in hexane Part C. Miscible or Immiscible Pairs For each of the following pairs of liquid compounds, predict if the pairs will be miscible or immiscible. (It is best to make your prediction for each pair after you have tested the previous pairs. ) Then add 1 ml of both liquids to the same test tube. Use a different test tube for each pair. Shake the test tube for 10-20 seconds to determine if the two liquids are miscible (form one layer) or immiscible (form two layers). Record your results in the table. Mixture Prediction Result Water and Ethyl Alcohol Water and Ethyl Ether Water and Methyl Chloride Water and Hexane.

Firm Technology Design Essays

Firm Technology Design Essays Firm Technology Design Essay Firm Technology Design Essay Firm Technology Design Name: Institution: Firm Technology Design : Introduction The technology design process is an important part o any firm’s operations because good systems increase the company’s productivity and output. Most efficient firms design new systems regularly to sustain their output at high levels. Trevallion and Strazzari state, â€Å"Design is the result of an identified need or a perceived opportunity† (2003, p. 18). An effective design process is methodical and systematic and follows clearly outlined steps. In a simplified design process, the steps are investigate, design, produce and evaluate. However, a design process is more complicated and intricate involving more steps than the previously mentioned four. The subject company is an insurance company known as Carter and Company Insurance. Carter and Company primarily deal with the provision of automobile, home, commercial, life and health insurance. The firm’s has its headquarters in Luling, Texas and serves clients from eighteen states in the US. Carter and Company are designing a new system that will handle their claims processing. The new systems are expected to fasten the processing of insurance claims and in doing so increase the trust of the clients in the company. The following questions will analyze the firm’s technology design process and look into all the factors that the firm has to consider along with the steps that need to be followed. Review of Questions Carter and Company are an insurance company that provides cover for both homes and commercial enterprises. The most significant process for Carter and Company is claims processing. Claims processing is an insurer’s fulfillment of their duty to receive, investigate and act on any claims filed by their clients. The execution of the process involves action by the administrative and customer service layers in which the claim is reviewed, investigated and then paid or denied (Claims processing). The processing of claims is a crucial step of the payment process because delays lower the client’s trust in the company. For Carter and Company, the claims processing systems should be overhauled to be replaced with a system that is up to date and capable of processing claims in real time. The new systems should also minimize errors in the processing of claims and prevent situations where rightful claims are denied and clients with unjustified claims receive remittance. An overhaul ed system could help Carter and Company attract new clients and reduce losses caused by errors in claims processing. The current situation in the business world means that an updated system should be accessible through portable devices such as cell phones and tablets. Clients should be able to file claims remotely through different kinds of devices and receive regular feedback from the company. This can be executed through using a mobile phone application, app, which allows the user to file a claim and check the claim’s progress through the app. For this to be possible, the firm’s systems should be capable of processing claims in real-time as they are received. Using an app to deal with claims processing would be particularly helpful for Carter and Company because the firm’s clientele are from eighteen different states. The process of reviewing claims involves a all sections of the firm’s hierarchy and real-time processing could help claims from clients who live far away from Texas have receive their service faster. Carter and Company mainly offers insurance services to individuals, home businesses and oil companies. The firm has working partnerships with local banks in Texas, oil companies within the region and the association of energy service companies. These partners cannot provide any direct assistance in the firm’s quest to overhaul its claims processing systems. However, the bank could provide Carter and Co. with loans at subsidized rates to fund the systems overhaul. Carter and Co. could form a partnership with an IT company so that the company can overhaul the system, develop software for them and provide consultancy services. In this partnership, Carter and Co. could insure the It company at a discounted rate while the company also provided its services at discounted rates. The systems overhaul gives Carter and Co a chance to strengthen bonds in its customer/supplier relationship. The systems change creates an opportunity where the valued customers can voice their opinions and inform the firm on the shortcomings of the old system. There is also an opportunity to suggest any additions that they feel could make the system better suited to serving them. Another opportunity created by the systems control is improved customer care. The introduction of real-time analysis of claims gives the company a chance to give customers better feedback through messaging services and e-mail. This could help strengthen the relationship that Carter and Co has with its customers When choosing a strategic organizational structure, the firm should take into account various factors. Region is one of the main factors influencing the organizational structure because Carter and Company need to look for a structure that ensures clients in all eighteen states are well covered. Henry Mintzberg came up with five structural configurations simple structure, machine bureaucracy, professional bureaucracy, divisional form and adhocracy. Divisional form is a configuration where the organization is composed of different divisions, each with its own organizational structure (Aquinas, 2008). Carter and Company could use this structure by separating their operations by state and having their offices in each state operate with some degree of autonomy. Claims filed would then be processed according to state or region. The office in Texas would then have an oversight role by making the key decisions that affect the firm as a whole or stepping in whenever a specific division fails to operate efficiently. Carter and Co’s competitive strategy is to broaden its range of services and start providing a wider range of covers. The firm plans to use the offices it has in other states to expand the range of services. This strategy has three main targets. The first is to retain the existing market share that it has. The firm will achieve this by sustaining the services that it presently provides and in so doing keep all of the current clientele. The second target is to capture new market share. Carter and Co. plan to do this by providing introducing new insurance cover into its bouquet. The new insurance covers will attract new customers who might then be drawn to the services that the company already provides. The last target in the company’s marketing strategy is to gain a competitive advantage over its rivals. This can be achieved by executing the first two targets, which will enable the company to provide a wide range of services and attract a larger number of clients. The implementation of the new systems is a crucial step in the company’s marketing strategy. Firstly, the new systems will enable the firm to process claims faster and this will be crucial when Carter and Co. start dealing with a larger number of customers. With the current system, the firm would be unable to sustain such a large number of customers because claims would be processed too slowly. The systems overhaul also gives Carter and Co. an advantage over its rivals because it will enable the firm to provide its services more efficiently. This could give the company a good reputation and perhaps even help it attract more customers as the praise spreads through word of mouth. The biggest process in Carter and Co’s operations is the processing of the insurance claims. For purposes of speed and efficiency, Carter and Co. break down the claims processing process to three operations, each with its sub-processes. The operations are then handed down to different employees and department to be handled. The first operation is the verification of the claim. After the claims are received, they are taken through a process to verify them and see whether they are legitimate claims. The investigation of the claim’s eligibility and their authorization are two processes that must be done manually. The claims are then entered into a processing queue. Here the process becomes automated as the claims are checked for any issues that need to be sorted out. If an issue is found, the department manager must be consulted to iron it out. If no issues are found, the claims are moved onto the last step, the payment step. At this step, the amount of money to be paid fo r each claim is checked and the check is mailed to the claimant. This step in the process is fully automated. Claims being processed are separated into categories based on the type of insurance cover involve. Separate departments deal with claims from different covers. Employees are thus assigned to deal with claims depending on their expertise and department. An investigation department exists to look into claims that have questionable eligibility while the authorization is carried out by the respective department heads. The overhauling of the systems looks to make sure that only key parts of the process are manual. This would be the investigation process and the authorization process. The rest of the process should ideally be automated to help speed up the completion of the process. Automation could help decrease the number of levels in the organization by removing one of the bottom layers involved in the processing of claims. The systems overhaul would leave the whole process with only two manual steps with the rest of I handled by computers. Managerial hierarchy refers to the different levels of management found in an organization (Gitman McDaniel, 2009). The traditional configuration will contain the top level, the middle level and the supervisory management level. Each level responds to the one above it except the top level. Not all companies follow this structure anymore. Carter and Co. would require a similar configuration but implemented in a different way. The top level of management would remain the same and exercise authority over the firm’s different divisions while making the key decisions. The second level of management would be the leadership in each of the different divisions that the firm has. This level would respond directly to instructions from the top level and would have minimized contact with the lower level employees. The third level of management would be the supervisory management. They would be in-charge of the various departments of the company and would deal directly with the lower level of employees. The introduction of technology could see the firm do away with several departments that are no longer in need by replacing them with automated systems. For instance, when the claims are entered into a processing queue the process becomes fully automated needing only a few employees to look over it and ensure it all goes well. This could help remove one layer from the lower levels of the organization and see those employees assigned to different departments. Technology could enable matrixing, which could help form temporary structures by enhancing communication through electronic medium such as e-mail and faxes (Lytras Ordo?n?ez, 2009). This matrixing will make the organization more efficient because workers are able to multi-task and remain useful to their own departments while still dealing with other issues that need to be solved. The systems overhaul will make this matrixing possible by automating the whole process, which will mean that data can easily be transferred from one dep artment to another making it easier for employees to co-operate when needed. References Aquinas, P.G. (2009). Organizational structure and design: Applications and challenges. New Delhi: Excel Books Claims processing. (n.d.). In BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved from businessdictionary.com/definition/claims-processing.html Lytras, M. D., Ordo?n?ez, P. P. (2009). The China information technology handbook. New York, NY: Springer. Gitman, L. J., McDaniel, C. D. (2009). The future of business: The essentials. Mason, OH: South-Western Cenage Learning. Shelly, G.B., Rosenblatt, H. J. (2010). Systems analysis and design. Boston, Mass: Thomson Course Technology. Trevallion, D., Strazzari, S. (2003). Design and technology. Glebe, N.S.W: Pascal Press.

Internal Analysis of the NBA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Internal Analysis of the NBA - Assignment Example The paper will begin by analyzing the capabilities and resources NBA had before the 2010-2011 season; the analysis will be from a case study done by Coulter. The capabilities and resources in the 2010-2011 seasons will be analyzed. The best approach to the internal analysis of NBA will be discussed. The National Basketball Association (NBA) has undergone tremendous changes from a domestic sport to an international commercial sport and this indicates a major understanding of the resources and capabilities. All the success and efforts are attributed to the NBA commissioner David Stern who has helped NBA become a global brand. Professional basketball began in the mid-1990s and NBA gained the international game appeal. There are key players in the NBA who have sparked international interest. These players include Yao Ming of China, Dallas Mavericks’ Dirk Nowitzki of Germany, Pau Gasol of Spain, and Tony Parker of France, Denver Nuggets of Brazil, Gordan Giricek of Croatia and Darko Milicic of Serbia. All the mentioned are international basketball players. It is estimated that out of all the players in the NBA, 64 players come out of the United States territory. Other than the international players, NBA has taken its games globally. The NBA league has held several preseason games in the Latin America, Asia, and Europe. Among the major plans by the commissioner of NBA was the creation of multiple teams in the European region before the end of the 2000 decade. The NBA league has faced challenges like the retirement of Michael Jordan and the cancellation of almost a third of the league games in the mid-1 990s. The challenges almost crashed the NBA league. Stern, the commissioner of NBA addressed the issues by looking at what the NBA had to offer, that is the resources and capabilities.  

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Taxation - Essay Example Countries have long been striving to introduce a better tax regime in order to get out from economic depression. Accordingly, they are designing the reform agenda aimed at implementing a better tax mechanism in the country. Global experiences regarding the tax administration suggest that the core reason behind the failure of the tax mechanism in not addressing the issues of tax regime effectively is the imbalances of fiscal policies of the country. In preparing the paper, intensive efforts have been made to closely scrutinize the taxation system in America with particular emphasis on sales tax. While conducting its study, the paper has found the following two articles being much relevant to the paper as they discuss about the taxation of a particular good. rate prevailed in different states of America. The writer has opined that the sales tax in America is not same; rather it is of different rate in different states. In some states, sales tax is applied in case of buying the goods over Internet. The writer has also given the message that there is also an option of purchasing some goods that are free from paying tax. This article examines the imposition of tax on VMT (Vehicle Mileage Tax) basis in particular context to Oregon states. Under this, the motorists would be subject to pay tax on the range of driving per miles. Critics point out that it is an instrument of infringing personal liberty and a record in our democratic history for interfering the personal liberty. Every goods or products purchased are subject to sales tax. Of course, there are some exceptions in this regard as it has been quoted: â€Å"Sales of taxable tangible personal property to nonprofit hospitals, nonprofit educational institutions, churches, orphanages, other nonprofit charitable or religious institutions and organizations, and homes for the aged, sick, or infirm whose property is excluded

Margaret Atwood, The Circle Game

Margaret Atwood, The Circle Game Her first publication was a book of poetry, The Circle Game 1964, which received the Governor Generals Literary Award for poetry (Canada), Several other poetry collections have followed since, including Interlunar (1995) , Morning in the Burned House (1995) and the latest, Eating Fire: Selected poetry, 1965-1995 (1998). She was also as a short story writer and her books of short fiction include Dancing Girls and Other stories (1982), Wilderness Tips (1991) and good Bones (1992). Margaret Atwood is best known for her novels, in which she created strong and puzzling women characters. Her first novel was The Edible Woman (1969), which is about a woman who cannot eat and feels that she is being eaten. Surfacing (1973); Lady Oracle (1977); Life Before Man (1980); Bodily Harm (1982 and The Handmaids Tale (1986) is a futuristic novel describing a womans struggle to break free from her role. Her latest novels have been; Cats Eye (1989), dealing with the subject of bullying among young girls; The Robber Bride (1993); Alias Grace (1996); The Blind Assassin (2000); and Oryx and Crake (2003), a version of a scientific dystopia. These novels have received many awards. The most vital crisis in the life of a modern man is that of identity. Twentieth century literature reflects this very accurately. The important issue dealt in modern literature is the search for identity or the quest for self. The strength of todays literature is found in its evocation of the individuals predicament in terms of alienation or exile or quest for identity. (Srivastava 130) In fiction, the attention has shifted from the society in the century to the individual in the twentieth century. The individual is given more important and man is seen as one who creates societies rather than one who is created by it. The subject of the self has gained universal importance and it, is most dominant in Common Wealth countries. The Common Wealth countries in the twentieth century feel that they do not belong anywhere as they were under the rule of the British for long time and the suddenly let free. These countries strive to seek a separate identity of their own new and the same is seen in their literature. The Common Wealth writers feel that they have a responsibility in giving a unique identity to their countries. The question of identity first started with the nationality and slowly it narrowed down to the individual itself. Canada being a Common Wealth country faces both the problems of national and individual identity. The very word Canada gives the meaning. It is derived from the Spanish word Canada-aca-nada which means nothing here. 3 The search for a recognizable and meaningful Canadian has been a main Pre-occupation in Canada. M.F. Salat says that the Pre-occupation with self-definition and the search for a distinctive Canadian identity has been such a central aspect of Canadian imagination, it can be said , the discourse on identity is the Canadian discourse. (salat 62) What distinguishes Canadian predicament from other Countries is the continuation of the identity crisis is the continuation of identity crisis over a long period of time. This is because Canada has never been free of what is called the Colonial identity. In the beginning it was under the influence of the British culture and lately it suffers from the psycho- social and economic colonization by the United States of America. The issue of the Canadian identity rose up most vehemently in the post 1960. It was mostly dealt by women writers as it was the period of the womens Liberation Movement. The women writers also had a personal reason behind it as they wanted to establish their identity as writers without any prejudice on gender. The Womens Liberation Movement helped to release Canadian Women from many of the restrictions and inhibitions of the society. It helped to create the new women. This, says Barabara Godard, astonished, amused and frightened Canadians in the period before the First World War. (Janeja 172) 4 Many women took to writing as a profession and portrayed their ambitions and aspirations of the new women Their writings portrayed their yearning for freedom from the limited constrains of a conventional society. In Canada women began to assert consciously and confidently their potential as writers in the post- 1960s. The wide spread preoccupation with the quest for a distinctive cultural identity in Canada in the post 1960s, was responsible for strengthening the desire to assert a distinctive feminine identity comparable to and compatible with the male, in culture as well as in literature. (salat 78) The most important women writers of this period are Margaret Atwood, Margaret Laurence, Ruby Wiebe, and Alice Munro. A among these writers the most noticed and appreciated. Women writers is Margaret Atwood. Atwood has implicit and successfully problematised Canadas quest for identity in her novels by making her women protagonists undergo a similar crisis. She has a predominantly feminine search for a distinctive identity. Atwoods reaction to this sensitive issue of identity has been the most articulate and she has deliberately set out to create all her novels in such a way that towards the end, each of her protagonists emerges as a woman who knows her own self. Margaret Atwood is a Canadian novelist, poet, short-story writer and also a well established critic. She was born in Ottawa in 1939. She spent a 5 Considerable part of her early life in the northern Ontoria and Quebec bush country. She started writing at the early age of five. Her father who is an entomologist often took his family on field trips. This produced in Atwood an early and an avid interest in the wilderness. In 1946, the family went to Leaside, a suburb of Toronto and settled there. This change is also reflected in her writing. The contrasts beween its Christian, middle-class morality and its blatant materialism define the spiritual wasteland through which many of Atwoods characters pass on their way from childhood to maturity.(75) Atwood is a graduate from the University of Toronto, where she won a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship. She took her Masters Degree from Radcliffe College. Since 1973 Atwood has live with Graeme Gibson a Canadian novelist and Cultural activist. They have a daughter, Eleanor Jess. They now live in Toronto. Atwood has been a write- in residence at Universities in Canada, the USA and Australia. She has taught in several Universities such as the University of British Columbia, the University of Alberta, Sir George Williams University, Montreal and at York University Toronto. She was the founding member of the writers Union 1984-86. She is still an effective spokesperson, and activist on behalf of Canadian writers and of womens right, Native rights and the environment.

Leonardo vs Andy Warhol’s Mona Lisa

Explain how each artists style and subject matter links to the themes/ideas being explored In the painting, â€Å"Mona Lisa†, by Leonardo, the theme of the harmony between humanity and nature is established through his depiction of Mona Lisa and the use of his captivating style. Mona Lisa is drawn in a three quarter pose; she is the focal point and the harmony between humanity and the landscape is achieved through the composition of Mona Lisa; she is placed in foreground, set against the Landscape in the background.The connecting assemblages of the curves of her hair, the linear f the luxurious fabric and the placement of her hands are reflected in the swells and rises of the vast, receding and diminishing landscape – which also creates a sense of depth. The parallel between humanity and nature has been established in such a gracefully fluid way within the pyramid design that captivates and draws the viewers' eye around aesthetics of the painting in a cycle, resembling the unison between the two. The subject matter and style of the Mona Lisa also links to an idea of creating an atmosphere and to evoke responses.For example, the artwork seems to manifest an atmosphere of calmness due to the spouts technique that makes the painting slightly blurred and softens her features – her expression appears blended, almost to the point of being hazy, and in doing so, her beautiful smile and gaze is left open for interpretation. Her dignified figure is relaxed and comfortable, and Lemonade's painting technique renders her anatomy unbelievably, luminously natural and, along with her dynamic expression, she appears even more real and thus heightening her emotional presence.Whilst one could interpret the artwork to convey a sense of calmness, you could also argue that an pretence of mystery is also presented through the palette of earthy tones and murky hues, the chiaroscuro of Mona Alias's garment contrasted with the lighter sky, and of course her renowne d smile and eyes of which you are unable to determine its true sentiment. Her expression could also convey one of intelligence as her gaze can be interpreted as one that is subtly expressing her inner musing, indicating the importance Leonardo placed on intellect and not the just beauty that Mona Lisa evidently possesses.Whilst the artwork, â€Å"Mona Lisa†, by Andy Warhol, contains the original painting of Mona Lisa as its subject matter, the manipulation of the image and Whorl's style has rendered the depiction of the original to have a very different effect and meaning. For example, Warhol has repeated the original numerously on the page in a seemingly random manner; the paintings are rotated and overlap one another. The mechanical printing process is apparent as the paintings have varying levels of registration and color.There is no ground established established resulting in shallow and flattened space, and there is no longer a focus point – lacking in order and d epth. Mona Alias's essence and presence is lost through her repetition; the overuse of Mona Lisa gives the effect of degrading her significance through no longer being singular and unique. The primary colors creates a crude and brass effect, and the manipulation of her image through the mechanical process debases the quality of the original work – it simply becomes an image with no connection.Overall, the significance and relationship to the original is lost through the absence of the details and style that Leonardo employed which produced the atmosphere Mona Lisa and the landscape powerfully emitted. However, another idea that you could abstract from Whorl's style and subject matter is that it is a reflection of the 20th century social and cultural explosion of consumerism, mass media and production. The overuse of Mona Lisa portrays the new ability to mass produce, and her style appears mechanical, relating to consumerism and production of machines.It could also be a reflec tion of the media's ability to objectify through mass production – Just as how Mona Lisa has lost her sense of self in his work. A further idea is that his work is a reaction against realism; with the invention of photography, you no longer needed to create a replica of reality, instead Warhol created artwork that focused on the concept rather than the aesthetics of realism, and to create work that was a recognizable form of art that also utilized the one dimensional quality of a canvas.Positive connotations can also be ran, for example, whilst it is argued that Whorl's work is not an original, in turn you could perceive that his work is taking a new outlook on Mona Lisa and he is transforming high art into something modern, and in doing so, he diminished the ‘high art' exclusivity connotation that was attached to the original and challenges the concept of art that once dominated, and instead, Warhol demonstrates that art is an universal and infinitive concept (hence th e repetition of Mona Lisa), that anyone can produce, interpret, understand or relate to.